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Santos forward Neymar Jr. could be banned for up to six matches.
The 34-year-old has been reported to Brazil's Sports Tribunal for breaching the "Vinícius Júnior rule."
Neymar was shown a red card for covering his mouth with his hand as he argued with Bahia midfielder Rodrigo Nestor during his team's 1-0 league win on Saturday.
Bahia have already condemned the alleged "verbal abuse" aimed at Nestor.
Speaking after the game, Nestor claimed that what Neymar said to him was "highly disrespectful - both toward me and toward the Bahia jersey."
On his part, Neymar accused the midfielder of making "one of the dirtiest tricks in football."
Neymar's hearing is scheduled for Wednesday.