Breaking the Pretoria Architecture - How Ethiopia's Fragmented Wars Converged Into a Single Existential Threat

[African Arguments] When the Pretoria Cessation of Hostilities Agreement was signed in November 2022, international observers prematurely celebrated the end of one of this century's most devastating conflicts. The silence of the guns in Tigray was treated as a definitive roadmap toward peace. What the international community failed to see was that the Pretoria architecture did not resolve Ethiopia's core systemic collapse; it merely localized and delayed it.